Answer:
16
Explanation:
because 4 molecules times 4 hydrogen atoms
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1. Why were enslaved people under Dutch rule able to access some legal rights, such as owning property, getting married, or petitioning for freedom?
2. What may have been the benefits/ challenges associated with owning land as an emancipated slave?
TEXT: The largest number of New Amsterdam’s enslaved people, including Maria Van Angola, came from the Kingdom of Angola, a major trading ally of Portugal and Holland; they were probably trafficked through the port of Luanda.
We have no portraits or images of the enslaved and free Africans in New Amsterdam, but Dutch and Flemish artists depicted African people from similar backgrounds in the Netherlands in the 1500s and 1600s.
Maria Van Angola’s name suggests that she was born in the kingdom of Angola and came to New Amsterdam on the first shipload of enslaved people in 1626. She originally appears in the historical record in 1640, when she witnessed a baptism in the Dutch Reformed Church. Two years later she had a son named Dominicus baptized there.
The Dutch had no clear laws defining or regulating slavery in the early 1600s. It was unclear what rights enslaved people might have or how they might become free. In this ambiguous situation, Maria Van Angola and others used several strategies to secure rights and freedom for themselves and their families, including legal action, church membership, and control of land.
The Dutch system gave marriages between enslaved people official status. In November 1642, Maria and Anthony Fernando Portuguese, the father of her child, formally married in the Dutch Reformed Church. Anthony had already survived a dangerous brush with the law. Over the next seven years they had five more children and embarked on a long struggle for freedom and security for their family.
Some enslaved people achieved legal standing in Dutch courts; they could own property, work for wages, and sue when they were not paid. In fact, legal records show that Maria’s husband had once sued for damages that a merchant’s dog had done to his pig. Access to the legal system became an important tool for African people in obtaining and defending their freedom.
Some African-Dutch people had already encountered Christianity in Africa, and many joined the Dutch Reformed church in New Amsterdam in hopes of gaining freedom for themselves or their children. Maria Van Angola was an active church member for at least 41 years and acted as a witness for many baptisms.
In 1643, as the colony was at war with the Mohawk nation, the Company emancipated 11 people. Each received a small plot of land (about 5–10 acres) north of the wall on today’s Wall Street, where they could act as a buffer against Native incursions. These Africans were “half-free,” meaning that they were still expected to pay fees to the Company and their children would not be legally free.
Owning land meant more than a farm—it was a key to status as a “freeholder” with political rights. Listed among the original owners of small farms was a woman called “Marycke” who may have been Maria Van Angola. Over the next 19 years, 22 more emancipated people received small land grants as well, including Maria’s husband, Anthony Portuguese, in 1645.
Maria Van Angola took advantage of the openness of the Dutch system. But near the end of Dutch rule, that openness was shutting down. The church began discouraging baptisms of Africans and land grants to Africans became more rare. The English takeover in 1664 shut the system down further, ending land grants, discouraging emancipation, and barring Africans from testifying in court. After the English took over New Amsterdam and named it New York, most of the African landowners sold their small plots or lost them in seizures. The English also clamped down in their control of the enslaved population; unlike Anthony Portuguese who was pardoned in 1641, the suspected leaders of slave revolts in 1712 and 1741 were burned at the stake.
Maria managed to hold on, however. She retained her freedom through the changeover to English rule, and in 1681 she married a second time, this time to Bastiaen Mattheuszen, an African leader. They were listed in the church record as “both living on the great [Hudson] river.”
The record shows that Maria’s adopted daughter, Susanna, held on to the family land until at least 1717. Susanna’s brother, Jochim, became an apprentice, learned to read and write, and joined the Dutch church in Hackensack, NJ. These hints suggest that the next generations continued to benefit from the freedoms that Maria and Anthony had fought for.
Answer:
1.
"The Dutch had no clear laws defining or regulating slavery in the early 1600s. It was unclear what rights enslaved people might have or how they might become free. In this ambiguous situation, Maria Van Angola and others used several strategies to secure rights and freedom for themselves and their families, including legal action, church membership, and control of land."
According to the text, it had no laws defining/regulating slavery at the time, making it unclear what rights they had. Even if they faced issues, they would still - in all technicality - be able to marry, own property, or petition for their own freedom.
2.
The benefits of owning land was an important part of being a freeholder. This means you would have small land grants and political rights freedom.
"Owning land meant more than a farm--it was a key to status as a “freeholder” with political rights. Listed among the original owners of small farms was a woman called “Marycke” who may have been Maria Van Angola. Over the next 19 years, 22 more emancipated people received small land grants as well, including Maria’s husband, Anthony Portuguese, in 1645."
Not sure if these are right!! Just a small guess, I'm not doing a lesson related to this. I just needed some points. Have a nice day, stay safe! :'}
Explanation:
Explanation:
A Dog asleep in a manger filled with hay, was awakened by the Cattle, which came in tired and hungry from working in the field. ... When he saw how the Dog was acting, he seized a stick and drove him out of the stable with many a blow for his selfish behavior. Moral. Do not grudge others what you cannot enjoy yourself
which country was the first to adopt a democratic system of goverment?
Answer:
Greece
Explanation:
The Athenian democracy is know to be the first democracy in the world.
what was the significance of the elections of 1824
Answer:
John Quincy Adams defeated Andrew Jackson in 1824 by garnering more electoral votes through the House of Representatives, even though Jackson originally received more popular and electoral votes. The presidential election of 1824 represents a watershed in American politics.
THIRTY FIVE POINTS!!
Some people seem more willing to openly display prejudice regarding sexual orientation than prejudice regarding race and gender. Speculate on why this might be.
Answer:
Explanation:
Because people belie this their "right" to free speach, sexual oreintation isnt a choice, we dont choose who we love and displaying preduice against it is unreasonable,
When ecologists study the way energy is distributed over a food chain or the rate at which nutrients are recycled, they're engaged in _____ in an effort to understand how the whole system works. a) habitat ecology b) systemic analysis c) ecosystem ecology d) biosphere studies
Answer: c) ecosystem ecology
Explanation:
Ecosystem ecology is the study between habitants(animals) and inhabitants (plant, things), on how they live and interact with each other. They also look at how energy is distributed over a food chain or the rate at which nutrients are recycled.
The correct option is c) ecosystem ecology
The following statement should be considered:
Ecosystem ecology is the study between habitants(animals) and inhabitants (plant, things), on how they live and interact with each other.They also look at how energy is distributed over a food chain or the rate at which nutrients are recycled.Learn more: brainly.com/question/17429689
How can missing a credit card or other loan payment affect you in the long- term
Answer:
It will lower your credit score.
Explanation:
Credit companies created a credit score based on your financial history. Every time you missed a payment, it will lower your credit score and affect your ability to obtain loan in the future.
People who has high credit score tend to have easier time in obtaining loan with low interest rates. People with low credit score on the other hand are seen as 'risky' transactions by the credit companies. This will make it hard for them to obtain loan with low interest rates
which is an example of how the physical environment helped the aztecs establish an empire?
The capital city of Tenochtitlan was located in the dense rain forest
actually I'm not sure about this answer:(
Lesson 6 unit test
16. How did jazz impact Indiana culture ?
17. How did industrialization impact the women suffrage movement in Indiana
18. Why did some Hoosiers join the Ku Klux Klan during the 1920s
I’m on connexus please help I will give 80 Brainly points
Answer:
it impacted because it allowed a new type of culture into the country
do we only choose one or all of them?
Explanation:
In which of the following would anomie be felt to its greatest effect
The diverse population of nepal is a valuable resource of the country.Can you explain how?
Answer:
yes it is
Explanation:
The population provides human resource that is labour. It is a market to the countries goods.
How did Beecher hope to remedy the problem of intemperance?
Answer:
Beecher hopes to take action to resolve the problem of intemperance by everyone uniting against it. He believes excluding the use of it can resolve the problem. He believes something also needs to be done by legislation.
Explanation:
Wang Mang is historically important because he ________
a. was primarily known for his adherence to Legalist doctrines.
b. was famous for creating a new and lasting dynasty.
c. stood as the greatest single military threat during the Later Han period.
d. was a Daoist term referring to disengagement from the world.
e. carried out reforms so revolutionary that he was eventually beheaded and eaten.
Answer:
e. carried out reforms so revolutionary that he was eventually beheaded and eaten.
Explanation:
Wang Mang was a minister of the Han Dynasty of Imperial China. The Han Dynasty was one of the greatest dynasty in the ancient China that ruled for many years. The founder of Han Dynasty was Liu Bang.
When Han dynasty was declining and was in crisis, the farmers and the peasants have to give their lands to the big land owners and became their slaves. Wang Mang took over the throne of Han Empire by this time anf he tried to implement several reforms to help the debt and poor peasant, but all went in vain. He also tried to redistribute wealth among the poor class and made several other blunders. He was finally known as the "socialist emperor" for his revolutionary reforms.
why does earth spin eastward on its axis use your own words
Answer: Hope this helps ^_^ Diamond is the name
In rotational axis
Explanation:
Precession is a rotation of Earth's rotation axis, caused primarily by external torques from the gravity of the Sun, Moon and other bodies. The polar motion is primarily due to free core nutation and the Chandler wobble.
what is impressment Why did impressment make Americans angry?
Answer:
As a cause of the War of 1812, the impressment and ship seizures caused serious diplomatic tension, and helped turn to American public opinion against Britain.
Explanation:
Impressment was widely perceived as humiliating and dishonoring the U.S. because it was unable to protect it's ships and sailors.
After having been part of a larger empire, the city-states of Mesopotamia may have once again had a period of independence, during approximately the years ____________________ to _____________________.
Answer:
Explanation:
1800
sure that people
follow the laws?
4. Jeylin believes that
a local restaurant
broke the law when
they refused to serve
her food because of
the color of her skin.
The owners of the
restaurant say that
because it is their
restaurant, they get
to choose who they
serve. Which branch
would decide who is
right?
Answer:
I don't get it please, can u explain better
Molly has a rock collection. She has descriptions of each of her rocks.
Name of Rock
Description
Rock 1
Made of molten rock
Rock 2
Formed by heat and pressure
Rock 3
Formed from particles that settle to form layers
please help
Answer:
Rock two
Explanation:
It is rock two Because it formed over time and pressure
World history. Answer?
How did the Battle of Saratoga affect the American Revolution? Thank you!
Answer:
The Battle of Saratoga was a turning point in the American Revolution. It gave the Patriots a major morale boost and persuaded the French, Spanish and Dutch to join their cause against a mutual rival.
Explanation:
Answer:
French Troops joined the war on behalf of the colonies
What did the Federalists
feel was the greatest
threat to the future of the
United States?
Answer:
could be found in what they saw as the excesses of democracy as evidenced in popular disturbances
Explanation:
did not lie in the abuse of central power, but instead could be found in what they saw as the excesses of democracy as evidenced in popular disturbances like Shays' Rebellion and the pro-debtor policies of many states.
___________ is an upbeat style of music using drums, a guiro scraper, and an accordion.
Answer:
Merengue
Explanation:
A map titled Physical Features of East Asia. A key shows Lowlands in green, Highlands in yellow, and mountains with brown triangles. The Gobi desert is in Mongolia north of China. The East China Sea and South China Sea form the China coast. The Taklimakan desert is in eastern China between the Himalaya Mountains to the south and the Gobi desert to the north. The Himalayas are along the southern border between China and India.
Which physical features were barriers to trade for China? Choose three correct answers.
the Gobi desert
the Atlantic Ocean
the Himalayas
the Taklamakan desert
the Yellow River
Answer:
the Gobi desert the Himalayas the Taklamakan desert
A C D I know because I just know anyways I hope this helped :b
Explanation:
Which physical features were barriers to trade for China? Choose three correct answers.
Answer: 3,1,2,2 hope these answers helped
Explanation:
What were the two animals that the Spaniards imported to Mesoamerica?
Answer:
the Endangered Baird's tapir (Tapirus bairdii) and the jaguar (Panthera onca)
Explanation:
They had originally brought them for food purposes, then had them traded.
what affects did trade having on the mesopotamian civilization
Answer:
For most other essential goods, such as metal ores and timber, Mesopotamia needed trade. Besides local trade, which brought food and animals into the city and took tools, plows, and harnesses out to the countryside, long-distance trade was needed for resources like copper and tin and for luxury items for the nobility.
Explanation:
Make sure to edit so you don't get copy-writed
Could I please get Brain-List?
analyze the difference between business and labor?
Answer: Business=accumulating labor . Labor= put to work .
Explanation: Business is the organization which accumulates labor and capital in such a way that some product or service is created that can be exchanged either for other such productions or an intermediary (such as money or credit).
Labor refers to human capital that is "put to work."
Btw this is a backup account
C
Most of Hinduism's one billion followers are located in
A Africa and Asia
B. South and Southeast Asia
C. Asia and Europe
D. Southeast Asia and Africa
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
оооо
D
Answer:
B
Explanation:
I just answered the question and got it right
Answer:
B
Explanation: on edu 2021
Which of the following did the articles of confederation provide for ?
Answer:
The Articles of Confederation created a national government composed of a Congress, which had the power to declare war, appoint military officers, sign treaties, make alliances, appoint foreign ambassadors, and manage relations with Indians.
hopes this helps
Explanation:
What are culture
Is culture?
Answer:
hi
Culture refers to a set of beliefs, norms, values, behaviors and objects that members of a certain social group or society share, or have in common with each other. A type of culture for instance, can be western culture, which is typically characterized by individuality, modern and developed infrastructure, high literacy levels, etc.
Explanation:
dipolodonculus
whats the differance between longitudtional and transverse waves
Answer:
Explanation:
Transverse waves are always characterized by particle motion being perpendicular to wave motion. A longitudinal wave is a wave in which particles of the medium move in a direction parallel to the direction that the wave moves.
Explanation:Transverse waves are always characterized by particle motion being perpendicular to wave motion. A longitudinal wave is a wave in which particles of the medium move in a direction parallel to the direction that the wave moves
Compare and contrast the performances of ''lined'' hymns and ''shape-note'' singing. What makes these types of music especially archaic?
Answer:
All described below.
Explanation:
I) Lined hymns are also called "precenting the line" in Scotland or lining out. It is a form of call and response hymn singing in acapella or the singing or composition of hymns whereby a religious leader mostly referred to as "precentor", gives a different tune to each line of a hymn the way he wants the congregation to sing it after which the congregation Now sing in a chanted form after the precentor has given the tune.
Meanwhile Shape note singing is a traditional form of social singing from music books which are usually printed in shape notes. These shape notes are a variant of the Western musical notation system in which the note heads are printed in clearly different shapes in order to indicate their scale degree and solemnization syllable of which the most common syllable is "fa, sol, la".
II) The contrast between the two types of music is that Shape note singing is Polyphonic which means that it involves producing or involving many sounds or voices whereas lined hymn singing is hetrophonic which means it is one that is done with simultaneous variation of a single melodic line.
III) They are considered archaic because they were popular in the centuries back when people didn't have couldn't read and didn't also have good means of effectively learning hymns with their tunes compared to today where many people are now educated and there are a lot of resources available to us to aid our singing even for those who are deficient in reading and learning fast.